Figure 1: Density, kinematic viscosity and cetane number of typical fuel components together with the associated specifications for European diesel fuels (highlighted in green). The middle area indicates the area to be fulfilled simultaneously for both properties according to DIN EN 590. This must be hit by the resulting surrogate.
By Thomas Wallek Surrogates are substitute mixtures comprising a few chemical compounds that emulate the physicochemical properties of real mixtures which may consist of several hundreds or thousands of compounds. Particularly in the field of engine development, fuel surrogates are an indispensable component for the simulation and experimental validation of internal engine combustion and exhaust gas treatment. The development of increasingly efficient processes in the area of internal engine combustion and exhaust gas treatment requires the use of highly complex simulation methods and their experimental validation on the test bench. Commercial fuels are made up of hundreds of chemical components and are subject to significant compositional variation, depending on the underlying crude oil and the refining process and additives used, which may vary regionally and seasonally. In addition, engines all over the world should work with fuels of various standards and comply with their performance and emission standards. Another challenge is to make engines fit for the further addition of biogenic components today and to estimate their effects on performance and exhaust emissions. The challenge: reducing diversity to the essentials.
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